Measurement issues in environmental epidemiology.

Measurement issues in environmental epidemiology.

This paper deals with the area of environmental epidemiology involving measurement of exposure and dose, health outcomes, and important confounding and modifying variables (including genotype and psychosocial factors). Using examples, we illustrate strategies for increasing the accuracy of exposure and dose measurement that include dosimetry algorithms, pharmacokinetic models, biologic markers,...

Environmental exposure measurement in cancer epidemiology.

Environmental exposures, used in the broadest sense of lifestyle, infections, radiation, natural and man-made chemicals and occupation, are a major cause of human cancer. However, the precise contribution of specific risk factors and their interaction, both with each other and with genotype, continues to be difficult to elucidate. This is partially due to limitations in accurately measuring exp...

Prevention, communication and equity in environmental epidemiology: ethical issues.

In environmental epidemiology research, decisions about when and how to intervene requires adequate ethical reflection. In fact, different kinds of issues may arise about: research methods and knowledge production; management of the results in terms of their overall assessments or for the implementation of preventive actions; reclamation intervention. In this contribution we propose to consider...

Environmental epidemiology: An introduction

Measurement Error caused by Spatial Misalignment in Environmental Epidemiology

In some environmental epidemiology studies, the locations of exposure data and health assessments do not coincide. To overcome the misalignment problem, the health effects analysis often use the predictions from an exposure model, which contains some measurement error as predicted value but is unequal with the true exposures. Gryparis et al. (2009) focus on the framework for spatial measurement...